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Support Renewable
Energy Technologies Without Bankrupting America
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"Cap and
Trade" is a "$10 Trillion/year Market"
If Many Climate Scientists State that the Answers to the Questions About Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Whether There is a Cause and Effect With Global Warming &/or Climate Change is still 20 - 30 Years Away, Then Why Do We Need to Pass Cap and Trade Now?
Cap and Trade Requires Careful Debate - the $10 Trillion/year that Cap and Trade Generates Every Year is larger than the annual U.S. Economy.
Where does the $10 Trillion/year go from the proposed Cap and Trade (tax)? Who are the
People and Companies that will
According
to many sources, "Cap and Trade" is a "$10 Trillion/year Market"
PRESENT TRUTH & FACTS
Let's Do This Right, Get ALL of the Climate Scientists to Agree that Greenhouse Gas Emissions ARE the Reasons Behind Climate Change / Global Warming... Which May Still Be 20 - 30 Years off, according to many scientists and experts that have not sold-out to political agendas and unproven science. In the Interim, Let's Start Making the
Transition
to Renewable Energy, by Supporting the Renewable Energy Industry the Way We Have Always Supported New Industries; =============================================================================== According to the United Nations, "it is estimated that
greenhouse gas emissions http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=433&ArticleID=4792&l=en ===============================================================================
Commercial,
Government, Industrial & Municipal Customers: *
Terms and Conditions for Free Solar Power System include: (1) For
qualified clients only. (2) Minimum size of 500 kW
Utility-scale
Solar
Power Parks
Providing
Capital and Funding for Power Purchase Agreements PPA
Fundsm
Our Net Zero Energy Buildingsm upgrades "brown" buildings to "green" buildings, with our Solar Trigenerationsm energy system, similar to one installed on a 5,000 sq. ft. office building that has been operating "dis-connected" from the electric grid for 6 years. And, the owners received one of the first Platinum LEED awards in the U.S. Customers that could benefit from having their "brown" building upgraded to a "green" building with one of our Solar Trigenerationsm energy systems include: Casinos For many qualified commercial customers, we will install our Solar Trigenerationsm energy system (or one of our other Solar Energy Systems) at your business.... with no up-front costs!
and sell the "pollution
free power" power
and energy to your business - for LESS than what you are presently paying your
utility company/companies!
For
More Information About Upgrading your Company's
or info@NetZeroEnergyBuilding.com
For More Information About Cap and Trade, Power Purchase Agreements, Investment Tax Credits, Solar Tax Credits, And Reducing or Eliminating Your Company's Carbon Emissions, or Upgrading your Company's Buildings/Facility with a Net Zero Energy Building Upgrade, call/email:
Engineering, Feasibility Studies & Consulting Services "Buy Solar Power, Not Solar Panels"sm
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Cap and Trade
www.CapAndTrade.net
What is "Cap and Trade"?
"Cap and Trade" was originally implemented as a result of the 1990 Clean Air Act, where Cap and Trade was first implemented - and to a very huge success in reducing Sulfur Dioxide Emissions - the cause of "acid rain."
In the proposed Cap and Trade program as it applies to capping the amount of Greenhouse Gas Emissions - the cap limits the amounts of global warming emissions - Greenhouse Gas Emissions - and more specifically, the amount of Carbon Dioxide Emissions - and gradually decreases the amounts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Dioxide Emissions that a country - or region, may produce.
Cap and Trade allows the marketplace to reduce these Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a market-driven manner that provides for as smooth, efficient and orderly transition to "carbon free energy" and "pollution free power" as possible.
Therefore, a “cap” is the legal limit on the quantity of Greenhouse Gas Emissions that a country or region may emit each year and the “trade” means that companies may trade among themselves the permission – (permits) – to emit Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
A successful Cap and Trade market for capping Greenhouse Gas Emissions will enable those who can reduce pollution cheaply and inexpensively - to earn a return on their Greenhouse Gas Emissions reductions by the investment they made to reduce these emissions.... by selling extra allowances or permits in the marketplace. The Cap and Trade program, simultaneously, allows those companies who can’t reduce their Greenhouse Gas Emissions as inexpensively, to purchase those allowances or permits at a lower cost than the cost of investing in the equipment or technologies that would have reduced their own Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
The Cap and Trade program permits all companies and participants to meet the total Greenhouse Gas Emissions cap in a very efficient and cost-effective manner. And it gives all those that do generate Greenhouse Gas Emissions economic incentives to find the least-cost solutions for reducing their Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
More About Cap and Trade
According
to the U.S. EPA, Cap
and Trade
is an environmental policy tool that delivers results with a mandatory cap on emissions
while providing emission sources flexibility in how they comply. Successful Cap
and Trade
programs provide strict
environmental accountability without inhibiting economic growth, and reward innovation, efficiency,
and early action.
Cap
and Trade
is a policy approach for controlling large amounts of emissions from a group of sources. The approach first sets an overall cap, or maximum amount of emissions per compliance period, for all sources under the program. The cap is chosen in order to achieve a desired environmental effect. Authorizations to emit in the form of emission allowances are then allocated to affected sources, and the total number of allowances cannot exceed the cap. Individual control requirements are not specified for sources; instead, sources report all emissions and then surrender the equivalent number of allowances at the end of the compliance period.
Allowance trading enables sources to design their own compliance strategy based on their individual circumstances while still achieving the overall emissions reductions required by the cap. Affected units can tailor their compliance plans to each source. Compliance strategies in well-designed cap and trade programs require no prior approval, allowing sources to respond quickly to market conditions and government regulators to remain focused on results. Sources must also accurately measure and report all emissions in a timely manner to guarantee that the overall cap is achieved.
When Is Cap and Trade Effective?
In EPA’s experience, Cap and Trade programs have proven highly successful in the context for which they are best suited: reducing emissions on a regional or larger scale from multiple sources that exhibit a range of control costs. While achieving significant reductions on a regional scale, cap and trade programs can deliver substantial air quality improvements. As effective as these programs are, however, they may not be the solution to every problem. For example, eliminating localized concentrations of pollution is not their primary purpose.
The
Cap
and Trade
approach is best used when the environmental and/or public health concern occurs over a relatively large area; a significant number of sources are responsible for the problem; the cost of controls varies from source to source; and emissions can be consistently and accurately measured. Under the right circumstances, cap and trade programs have proven extremely effective, providing substantial emission reductions, complete accountability and unprecedented data quality and access. Existing
Cap
and Trade
programs – the Acid Rain Program and the NOx Budget Program – have the force of federal and state standards behind them, including national health-based air quality standards. This ensures that local public health needs are met in conjunction with achievement of regional or national emission
reductions.
Cap and Trade Program Design
Three features critical to designing and implementing environmentally effective and economically efficient trading
programs are 1) the cap on emissions, 2) accountability, and 3) simplicity of design and operation.
Cap on Emissions
The cap on emissions is the central component and element of an effective and efficient cap and trade program. A mandatory cap on emissions is critical to protect public health and the environment and to sustain that protection into the future. The cap also serves to provide stability and predictability to the allowance trading market.
The remarkable efficiency and reduced costs of a cap and trade program should not overshadow the purpose of the cap – which is to yield public health and environmental results.
As
an example that was very successful of a Cap
and Trade
program, SO2 emissions have been reduced dramatically under the AcidRain Program. Early reductions under the first phase of the
program were banked to provide a gradual transition into the
more stringent second phase.
Source: www.epa.gov/airmarkets
Accountability
The accurate measurement and reporting of emissions is critical, along with the rigorous and consistent enforcement of
penalties for fraud or noncompliance.
Also critical is transparency, such as public access to source-level emissions and allowance data.
The coupling of stringent monitoring and reporting requirements and the power of the Internet makes it possible for EPA to provide access to complete, unrestricted data on trading, emissions, and compliance. This promotes public confidence in the environmental integrity of the program and business confidence in the financial integrity of the allowance market. It also provides an additional level of scrutiny to verify enforcement and encourage compliance.
Accountability requires ongoing evaluation of the cap and trade program to ensure that it is making progress toward achievement of its environmental goal.
Simplicity
Rules should be clear and easily enforced. Markets function better and transaction costs are lower when rules are simple and easily understood by all participants. Moreover, the environment is more likely to be protected when rules are clear and consistently enforced. To the greatest extent possible, simplicity should be applied to all elements of the program, including applicability thresholds (determining which sources are affected), trading rules, reporting requirements and penalty assessments. Program operation for both emission sources and regulating authorities is more certain, more effective, and less costly and time-consuming if the rules are not overly complex and burdensome.
A well-designed
Cap
and Trade
program delivers the following benefits:
• Greater environmental protection at lower cost
• Broad regional reductions, facilitating state efforts to address local impacts
• Early reductions, a result of allowance banking and market incentives
• Environmental integrity and transparent operations and results
• Fewer administrative costs to government and industry
• Efficiency and innovation incentives
• Incentives for doing better and consequences for doing worse
• Accounting for all emissions
• Partnership with existing requirements to ensure protection of the local population and environment.
Continued Accountability
As the Cap
and Trade
mechanism is applied to new environmental problems, the EPA
understands the importance of ongoing assessment to ensure that environmental and public health goals are met.
The remarkable efficiency and reduced costs of a cap and trade program should not overshadow the purpose of the cap – that is, to yield public health and environmental results. Whether the cap has been set at a level adequate to achieve the desired public health and environmental protections is an issue that warrants study and evaluation.
As previously mentioned, both the Acid Rain Program and the NOx Budget Cap and Trade programs have been highly effective in reducing these specific emissions.
Though long-term environmental monitoring has affirmed the programs’ effectiveness, studies have shown that further reductions in emissions beyond the current caps are necessary to protect public health and the environment.
Cap and Trade
www.CapAndTrade.net
Cap and Trade
www.CapAndTrade.net
Advertise Your
Product, Company or
Service at
the
BEST website address for Cap and Trade!
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What are Greenhouse Gas
Emissions?
Greenhouse
Gas Emissions are those greenhouse gases that allow sunlight to enter the
atmosphere freely and contribute to the greenhouse effect, which many believe
is the cause of global warming. There are natural and man-made greenhouse gas
emissions. The primary greenhouse gases thought to be major contributors
to global warming are; carbon dioxide emissions
(CO2), methane emissions (CH 4) and nitrogen
oxides (N2O).
The
primary sources of
greenhouse gas emissions
from manmade sources include; fossil-fueled power plants such as natural gas
power plants and coal fired power plants. Other sources of greenhouse gas
emissions linked to manmade causes include internal combustion engines
(fueled by gasoline and petroleum diesel) and deforestation.
Many people don't realize that as much as
25% of per cent of the carbon dioxide emissions are naturally absorbed
by the ocean and another 25% of the carbon dioxide emissions are absorbed by
our biosphere, such as trees, plants, soil, etc. This leaves about 50%
of the carbon dioxide emissions that are not absorbed and remaining in our
atmosphere. As previously stated, carbon dioxide emissions are linked
primarily to the burning of fossil fuels (power plants, cars, trucks, etc.)
and deforestation.
Greenhouse
gas emissions have been on the increase ever since the dawn of the
industrial revolution.
What Are Greenhouse Gases?
Many chemical compounds found in the Earth’s
atmosphere act as “greenhouse gases.” These gases allow sunlight to enter
the atmosphere freely. When sunlight strikes the Earth’s surface, some of it
is reflected back towards space as infrared radiation (heat). Greenhouse gases
absorb this infrared radiation and trap the heat in the atmosphere. Over time,
the amount of energy sent from the sun to the Earth’s surface should be
about the same as the amount of energy radiated back into space, leaving the
temperature of the Earth’s surface roughly constant.
_______________________________________________________________________
What are Carbon Dioxide Emissions?
According
to the EPA, Carbon Dioxide Emissions,
or "Carbon Emissions"
or simply "CO2," are generated in a number of ways. Carbon
Dioxide Emissions are produced naturally through the carbon cycle and
through human activities like the burning of fossil fuels.
Natural sources of CO2 occur within the carbon cycle where billions of tons of
atmospheric CO2 are removed from the atmosphere by oceans and growing plants,
also known as ‘sinks,’ and are emitted back into the atmosphere annually
through natural processes also known as ‘sources.’ When in balance, the
total carbon dioxide emissions and removals from the entire carbon cycle are
roughly equal.
Since the Industrial Revolution in the 1700’s, human activities, such as the
burning of oil, coal and gas, and deforestation, have increased CO2
concentrations in the atmosphere. In 2005, global atmospheric
concentrations of CO2 were 35% higher than they were before the Industrial Revolution.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions are responsible for about 80% of the problems related to Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions and carbon dioxide are one of the six chemicals
-
methane and Biomethane
-
nitrous oxide
-
hydrofluorocarbons
-
perfluorocarbons
-
sulfur hexafluoride
and all six chemicals are planned to be significantly reduced via the global agreements under the Kyoto Protocol and new legislation in the U.S. under the pending "Cap and Trade" regulations in an effort to prevent climate change.
How Can We Decrease
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions?
Greenhouse
gas emissions
can
be reduced by switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy technologies,
such as solar
energy systems, and upgrading brown buildings to Net Zero Energy
Buildings.
Why Are Atmospheric Levels of Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Increasing?
Levels
of several important greenhouse gases have increased by about 25 percent since
large-scale industrialization began around 150 years ago (Figure 1). During
the past 20 years, about three-quarters of human-made carbon
dioxide emissions were from burning fossil fuels.
Figure 1. Trends in Atmospheric
Concentrations and Anthropogenic Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
Concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
are naturally regulated by numerous processes collectively known as the “carbon
cycle” (Figure 2). The movement (“flux”) of carbon between the
atmosphere and the land and oceans is dominated by natural processes, such as
plant photosynthesis. While these natural processes can absorb some of the net
6.1 billion metric tons of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions produced
each year (measured in carbon equivalent terms), an estimated 3.2 billion
metric tons is added to the atmosphere annually. The Earth’s positive
imbalance between emissions and absorption results in the continuing growth in
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Figure 2.
Global Carbon Cycle (Billion Metric Tons Carbon)
What Effect Do Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Have on Climate Change?
Given
the natural variability of the Earth’s climate, it is difficult to determine
the extent of change that humans cause. In computer-based models, rising
concentrations of greenhouse gases generally produce an increase in the
average temperature of the Earth. Rising temperatures may, in turn, produce
changes in weather, sea levels, and land use patterns, commonly referred to as
“climate change.”
Assessments
generally suggest that the Earth’s climate has warmed over the past century
and that human activity affecting the atmosphere is likely an important
driving factor. A National Research Council study dated May 2001 stated, “Greenhouse
gases are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human
activities, causing surface air temperatures and sub-surface ocean
temperatures to rise. Temperatures are, in fact, rising. The changes observed
over the last several decades are likely mostly due to human activities, but
we cannot rule out that some significant part of these changes is also a
reflection of natural variability.”
However, there is uncertainty in how the
climate system varies naturally and reacts to emissions of greenhouse gases.
Making progress in reducing uncertainties in projections of future climate
will require better awareness and understanding of the buildup of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere and the behavior of the climate system.
What Are the Sources of Greenhouse Gas
Emissions?
In the U.S., our greenhouse gas emissions
come mostly from energy use. These are driven largely by economic growth, fuel
used for electricity generation, and weather patterns affecting heating and
cooling needs. Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, resulting from
petroleum and natural gas, represent 82 percent of total U.S. human-made
greenhouse gas emissions (Figure 3). The connection between energy use and
carbon dioxide emissions is explored in the box on the reverse side (Figure
4).
Figure 3. U.S. Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
by Gas, 2001
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent)
Figure 4.
U.S. Primary Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 2001
Another greenhouse gas, Biomethane,
comes from landfills, coal mines, oil and gas operations, and agriculture; it
represents 9 percent of total emissions. Nitrogen
oxides (5 percent of total emissions), meanwhile, is emitted from burning
fossil fuels and through the use of certain fertilizers and industrial
processes. Human-made gases (2 percent of total emissions) are released as
byproducts of industrial processes and through leakage.
What Is the Prospect for Future Carbon
Dioxide Emissions?
World carbon
dioxide emissions are expected to increase by 1.9 percent annually
between 2001 and 2025 (Figure 5). Much of the increase in these emissions is
expected to occur in the developing world where emerging economies, such as
China and India, fuel economic development with fossil energy. Developing
countries’ emissions are expected to grow above the world average at 2.7
percent annually between 2001 and 2025; and surpass emissions of
industrialized countries near 2018.
Figure 5. World Carbon
Dioxide Emissions by Region, 2001-2025
(Million
Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent)
The
U.S. produces about 25 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions
from burning fossil fuels; primarily because our economy is the largest in the
world and we meet 85 percent of our energy needs through burning fossil fuels.
The U.S. is projected to lower its carbon intensity by 25 percent from 2001 to
2025, and remain below the world average (Figure 6).
Figure
6. Carbon Intensity by Region, 2001-2025
(Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent per Million $1997)
Energy
Production and Carbon
Dioxide Emissions
For over one hundred years, energy and power
production have been generated around the world through the burning of fossil
fuels, including; fuel oil, coal, diesel, and natural gas. Over the
past decade, environmental science and research has discovered and linked global
warming, and global climate change to the carbon
dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. This has
placed an increased need to reduce energy consumption and discover more
environmentally friendly fuel sources.
________________________________________________________________________________
Glossary of Terms
What is an Assigned Amount (AA)?
The quantity of greenhouse gases that an Annex I country can release in
accordance with the Kyoto Protocol, during the first commitment period of that
protocol (2008-12).
What is an Assigned Amount Unit (AAU)?
An Assigned Amount Unit (AAU) is a tradable unit of 1 tCO2e.
What are Carbon
Reduction Tons?
Carbon
Reduction Tons, or "CRTs" or simply a CRT (which is pronounced “carrot”)
represents one ton of Carbon Dioxide Emissions-equivalent in terms of emission
reductions. Also known as carbon dioxide sequestration.
What is a Certified Emission
Reduction (CER)? The
Clean Development Mechanism
is a Kyoto Protocol "flexibility
mechanism" that was authorized under Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol which
oversees emissions reductions in projects that are located in developing
nations. These countries are not subject to the binding Greenhouse
Gas Emissions caps under the Kyoto
Protocol. Our
ecogeneration
solutions are focused on "Carbon
Free Energy" and "Pollution
Free Power." These technologies, which include Concentrating
Solar Power plants completely eliminates Greenhouse
Gas Emissions and Carbon
Dioxide Emissions from our climate and atmosphere which are associated with
all fossil fuel power plants.
What are Emission Reduction
Credits? (ERCs)? Emissions Trading allows for the
transfer of Assigned Amount Units across international borders or emission allowances between
companies covered by a Cap and Trade program. However, it is a general term
often used for the three Kyoto Protocol
"mechanisms," which are:
2.
Clean Development Mechanism 3.
Emissions Trading A
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) represents the equivalent of one
megawatt hour of electricity generation from an accredited renewable energy
source.
What are Verified Carbon Units?
The Voluntary
Carbon Standard defines Voluntary Carbon Units (“VCU”) as being equal to an
emission reduction that is equivalent to one metric ton of CO2 that has been
implemented and verified according to the criteria set forth by the Voluntary
Carbon Standard.
Verified
Carbon Units are uniform instruments for use in voluntary offset programs that can be purchased and sold between
the market participants such as project developers and intermediaries.
Ultimately,
VCUs are purchased and retired by the participants and/or end-use customers.
A Verified Emission Reduction
shall be defined as a VCU only if it has been certified as meeting all the criteria contained in The Voluntary
Carbon Standard and subsequently registered in an approved VCU Registry.
VCUs are registered and kept in custody in an approved VCU Registry,
which has been approved by the Voluntary Carbon Standard Steering Committee.
A Verified Emission
Reduction is a carbon credit which is not certified
under the Kyoto Protocol but which can be used to compensate carbon emissions. 1
Verified Emission Reduction
corresponds to one metric tone of CO2 equivalent.
Solar
Trigenerationsm We install our
Solar
Trigenerationsm
Energy Systems, for qualified commercial businesses, as well
as cities, schools and government facilities with our Zero Up-front Cost
program. For
some customers - based on their present location, utility company and electric
rate - we are able to reduce their electric rate by 10%. Even more for other
customers. Solar
Trigenerationsm
Energy System!
We provide the
answers to your questions about solar power and energy! Does your;
business, city, school, or electric utility want a more
sustainable solar power and energy solution? Are you interested
in transforming your facility, campus or building(s) to "Net
Zero Energy"™ buildings? Does your city or
school have a problem with rising electricity and energy expenses, but not have the
financial resources to provide the necessary updates and upgrades to make your
buildings more efficient? Maybe you have
already decided to go solar, but you have a lot of questions, and
don't know where to start. Call us, we have the answers to your solar
questions. What is
the optimum solar solution? There are hundreds of companies
in the solar power and energy industry..... Who do you call to help you
with these questions to help you make the right decisions? There's still more
questions, that you may not have thought about..... which solar technology do
you go with, and what is the return on investment? Are there any
solar rebates, refunds, tax credits or other incentives available? What about
investors that might be interested in owning/operating and maintaining our solar
energy system under a Power
Purchase Agreement? You have numerous
questions and need the answers to help in the decision-making process regarding
the solar power and energy
system you want to install. These decisions will have a long-lasting
impact as the solar energy system
that you install at your business or facility will probably be generating clean
power for the next 40 to 50 years, if not longer! So, the decisions that
you need to make now regarding your solar
energy system will be a decision that will be either a long-term asset or a
liability, depending on the equipment you select and who you choose to install
it. We can help
cities, schools and commercial (and large residential) customers make the switch to solar! And now, with our
no up-front cost for our Solar
Trigenerationsm
Energy System, we can also transform your building(s) to a "Net
Zero Energy Building"™ and many times, actually REDUCE your present
energy expenses by 10%, and possibly more! Examples of
buildings/facilities where our Solar
Trigenerationsm
Energy Systems would benefit, include; universities, churches, data
centers, shopping centers, schools, radio/television stations, food processing,
warehouses, new real estate developments and subdivisions, and electric
utilities - practically any commercial facility can be upgraded to one of our
"pollution free power" systems featuring one of our solar energy
systems, including our Solar
Trigenerationsm
system! Call or email us,
we can provide these answers. We are focused on providing the optimum solar
energy systems for our clients. This begins with an initial review of your past
12 months energy/electrical bills. The next step would include a site visit
which may include a Demand
Side Management study and/or a Solar
Feasibility Study which determines the optimum solar
energy system for your facility or location. Once the optimum solar
solution(s) are determined, we then have a blueprint to proceed that could
include our installing one of our Solar
Cogeneration™ or Solar
Trigenerationsm
energy systems. Or for a city, real estate development or
subdivision, or an electric utility, one of our utility
scale power plants which might be a Concentrating
Photovoltaic, Concentrating
Solar Power or High
Concentration Photovoltaic power plants.
What is "Net Zero Energysm?" Net
Zero Energysm - when applied to a home or commercial building, simply means that
the home or buildings generates as much power and energy as they consume,
a
monthly or annual basis, and with an onsite, renewable energy system, such as
our
Solar
Trigenerationsm Energy
System.
What is a Net Zero Energy
Buildingsm? A
Net Zero Energy Buildingsm
produces as much energy as it uses over the course of a year.
Net Zero Energy Buildingssm
are very energy efficient. The remaining low energy needs are typically met with
on-site renewable energy. First of
all, understand that there is no
such thing as a "zero energy building!" EVERY building uses energy, or
you may as well be in a cave! The important
considerations are, 1. How efficient is
the building? 2. How much energy
does the building use, and how efficiently is it used? 3. How much
"carbon
free energy" or "pollution
free power" is generated by the buildings' own onsite renewable energy
system? 4. What are
the utility company's prices for the excess power generated and sent to the
grid? 5. How difficult is
it to interconnect the renewable energy system of the building with the utility
company's powerlines/electric grid?
At the heart of a Net Zero
Energy Buildingsm is the idea that any building can meet its
energy requirements from low-cost, locally available, nonpolluting, renewable
sources, like our Solar
Trigenerationsm Energy Systems. Our
Solar Trigenerationsm
Energy Systems are the idea whose time has come, to make Net
Zero Energy Buildingssm commonplace.
Solar Trigenerationsm
Energy Systems Provide All of the Cooling, Heating &
Power, for Any Size Building, with only the Energy of the Sun. Solar
Trigenerationsm Energy Systems Provide Simultaneous
Cooling, Heating & Power whether it is 12 Noon, or 12 Midnight,
and can do so, WITHOUT Connection to the electric grid! The
Diagram Below Shows How Our Solar
Trigenerationsm Energy System Works,
According to the Kyoto Protocol, a Kyoto
Protocol unit equal to 1 metric tonne
of CO 2 equivalent. A Certified Emission Reduction is issued for emission reductions from
Clean Development Mechanism project
activities. Two special types of Certified Emission
Reductions called temporary Certified Emission
Reductions (tCERs) and long-term Certified Emission
Reductions (lCERs) are issued
for emission removals from forestation and reforestation Clean
Development Mechanism projects.
What is the Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM)?
The Clean
Development Mechanism as it relates to industrialized countries and their
their nation's companies are able to earn "Emission
Reduction Credits," while developing countries acquire technology and
capital and earn Emission
Reduction Credits that can either be banked or sold. Additionally the Clean
Development Mechanism grants Emission
Reduction Credits for investments in new, emissions-reduction projects that
are located in developing countries.
An Emission Reduction Credit,
also known as an Emission Reduction Unit, is a unit of emission reductions achieved through a
Joint Implementation project.
This unit is equal to one metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, or
"tCO2e".
What are Emissions Reductions (ERs)?
Emissions reductions generated by a project that have not undergone a
validation/verification process, but are contracted for purchase.
What is Emissions Trading?
What is the Emissions Trading Scheme?
The ETS is the largest multi-national, greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme
in the world and is a main pillar of EU climate policy.
What is an ERC?
An ERC refers to an Emission
Reduction Credit.
What is the EU ETS?
European Union Emissions Trading Scheme.
What is an EUA?
An EUA refers to the European
Union Allowance.
What is a European Union Allowance (EUA)?
A European Union Allowance Materialization of the EU ETS quotas, the tradable unit under the EU
ETS. One
EUA represents the right to emit 1 ton of CO2.
What is the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS)
Trading Scheme within the European Union. The first compliance phase is from
2005 to 2007, while the second compliance phase continues from 2008 to 2012.
What is a Renewable Energy
Credit?
What is a Verified Emission Reduction
(VER)?
A Verified Emission Reduction
is a unit of greenhouse gas emission reduction
that has been verified by an independent auditor, but has not yet undergone the
procedures and may not yet have met the requirements for verification,
certification and issuance of Certified
Emission Reductions (in the case of the Clean
Development Mechanism) or ERUs (in the case
of JI) under the Kyoto Protocol.
Buyers of a Verified Emission
Reduction assume all carbon-specific policy and regulatory risks (i.e. the
risk that the VERs are not ultimately registered as either a Certified
Emission Reduction or a Emission
Reduction Credit). Buyers
therefore tend to pay a discounted price for VERs, which takes the inherent
regulatory risks into account.
What is the Voluntary Market?
The Voluntary market is precisely that, a "voluntary" market for
emissions reductions for buyers and sellers of a Verified Emission
Reduction (VER),
which seek to manage their emission exposure for non-regulatory purposes.
www.SolarTrigeneration.com
(see: Net Energy Metering)
for Heating and Cooling a Building (next to the Solar Thermal Collectors, are the PV
Panels, that generate the Electricity).
Our
Solar
Trigenerationsm Energy
System
provides
"Cooling, Heating & Power" for your business,
or home with the free energy of the sun!
What is Net Energy Metering?
Net energy metering is used to measure a customer's total electric consumption against that customer's total on-site electric generation. When a customer's onsite generation of power exceeds the amount that they use, the customer's solar energy system (or other renewable energy system) exports the extra electricity to the grid. When the power requirements of the customer exceeds their onsite generation of power, the customer imports the electricity they need from electric grid. The customer pays the electric company for any extra power they use over the amount they generate - OR - the customer receives a credit or refund from the electric company if they exported more power to the grid, than what they consumed.
Renewable Energy Is Necessary for Net Zero Energy Buildings
Much focus is placed on energy efficiency as the most cost-effective way to reduce energy use in commercial buildings. However, consumption can be reduced only so much. There is a point at which the cost of adding efficiency measures is higher than that of using renewable energy such as thin film photovoltaics and other solar energy systems.
Aggressive energy efficiency strategies can reduce a building's energy consumption by 50% to 70%. Renewable energy technologies must be used to reach the goal of a net-zero energy building (NZEB).
Supply-Side Technologies
Various supply-side renewable energy technologies are available for Net Zero Energy Buildings. Supply-side technologies, often called energy producers, collect natural energy and transform it into a useful form. Examples of these technologies include PV, solar hot water, wind, hydroelectric, and biofuels.
Ranking of Energy Options
All renewable sources are favorable over conventional energy sources such as coal and natural gas; however, the U.S. Department of Energy recommends the following ranking for these options (the lower numbers are preferable):
|
Option Number |
NZEB Supply-Side Options |
Examples |
|---|---|---|
|
0 |
Reduce site energy use through low-energy building technologies |
Daylighting, high-efficiency heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning equipment (HVAC), natural ventilation, evaporative cooling |
|
On-Site Supply Options |
||
|
1 |
Use renewable energy sources available within the building's footprint |
PV, solar hot water, and wind located on the building |
|
2 |
Use renewable energy sources available at the site |
PV, solar hot water, low-impact hydroelectric, and wind located on-site, but not on the building |
|
Off-Site Supply Options |
||
|
3 |
Use renewable energy sources available off site to generate energy on site |
Biomass, wood pellets, ethanol, or biodiesel that can be imported from off site; waste streams from on-site processes that can be used on-site to generate electricity and heat |
|
4 |
Purchase off-site renewable energy sources |
Utility-based wind, PV, emissions credits, or other "green" purchasing options; hydroelectric is sometimes considered |
The goal in developing the ranking was to encourage technologies that:
-
Minimize overall environmental impact by encouraging energy-efficient building designs and reducing transportation and conversion losses
-
Will be available over the lifetime of the building
-
Are widely available and have high replication potential for future Net Zero Energy Buildings.
Solar
Trigenerationsm
www.SolarTrigeneration.com
Now, Your
Business Can Have Our Solar Trigeneration™
Energy System, installed for No
Up-Front Costs!
Through an affiliated partner company, we are now installing our Solar Trigeneration™ Energy Systems, for qualified commercial businesses, nationwide, with Zero up-front costs.
Some customers may even see a decrease in their energy expenses by as much as 10% to 20% with our Zero up-front cost Solar Trigeneration™ Energy System!
To qualify for our no up-front cost Solar Trigeneration Energy Systems, businesses must:
-
Have a good credit rating
-
Agree to buy all of the energy generated from the Solar Trigeneration™ Energy System through a 20 year Power Purchase Agreement
-
Other conditions may apply, depending on location, state or utility company you are presently buying power from.
We expect ALL of our customers will be very happy knowing that the clean, green, renewable power they are using is:
-
More reliable than the electricity from the power company.
-
Saving the environment by reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and helping reverse Climate Change and Global Warming.
-
Generated from their own reliable Solar Power System on their roofs.
-
Saving Money! At today's published electric rates at Southern California Edison, TXU, Reliant and Centerpoint, most of our customers will also enjoy a SAVINGS on their present electric bills by as much as 10% from what they are now paying for their electricity from the electric utility.
-
Under warranty.
-
At the end of the Power Purchase Agreement, the Solar Trigeneration™ Energy System is then offered for sale to our customers, for $1.00. And then their energy savings really start to add up as the power and electricity generated from their Solar Trigeneration™ Energy System is free!
Solar
Trigenerationsm
is Here!
Solar Trigeneration Provides (almost)
Any Building - with all of its
Cooling, Heating & Power Requirements. Solar
Trigenerationsm
is also the Greenest Way to
Cool, Heat and Power your Facility -
whether that's a Hospital, Data Center, Office Building or University
Campus
Commercial, Industrial & Utility Customers:
Reduce or COMPLETELY ELIMINATE
Your Electric Power & Natural Gas Expenses!
Stop
Paying High Utility Bills to the Electric and Natural Gas Companies!
Let us Show You How You
Can
"Cut the Cord" to the Electric Company!
Our
"Solar
Trigenerationsm" Power and Energy Systems
Generate Carbon Free Energy and
Pollution Free Power
Which is Sustainable, Clean, Renewable and Affordable
Solar Energy Systems provides cooler, cleaner, greener power and energy project development services. Our Solar Energy Systems are an environmentally-friendly and economically-superior choice to expensive natural gas and electricity. Additionally, our renewable energy technologies generate "green tags" or a Renewable Energy Credit.
We
provide
Solar
Power and Energy systems that we refer to as "EcoGeneration"
solutions that produce cooler, cleaner, greener power and energy for our
customers and our environment. Unlike most companies, we are equipment
supplier/vendor neutral. This means we help our clients select the best
equipment for their specific application. This approach provides our
customers with superior performance, decreased operating expenses and
increased return on investment.
Our company provides turn-key project solutions that include all or part
of the following:
-
Engineering and Economic Feasibility Studies
-
Project Design, Engineering & Permitting
-
Project Construction
-
Project Funding & Financing Options
-
Shared/Guaranteed Savings program with no capital requirements.
-
Project Commissioning
-
Operations & Maintenance
-
Green Tag/Renewable Energy Credit Application, and Marketing
Net
Zero Energy Buildingssm
www.NetZeroEnergyBuildings.com
The Audubon
Nature
Center
Installs
Solar
Trigeneration
System
Making this one of the World's First "Net
Zero Energy Buildings"
at Their New Facility in Los Angeles, California
GRID-FREE
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM....
NO
CONNECTION TO THE ELECTRIC UTILITY!
The Solar
Trigeneration
Provides All of their Facility's (5000 sq.ft.)
Cooling, Heating and Power Requirements - at 12 noon or 12 midnite,
WITHOUT ANY CONNECTION to the Electric Utility
with our Solar
Trigeneration Energy System!
The Sun
Powers the Audubon Nature Center's Solar
Trigeneration
System at Debs Park in Los Angeles. The Audubon Nature Center's
building is one of the world's first "Net
Zero Energy Buildings."
The Solar
Trigeneration
System Consists of a 10 Ton "Solar
Absorption Cooling"
System
Matched with a Solar
Electric
Power System and a Solar
Water Heating System
By: Monty Goodell, MBA
www.SolarTrigeneration.com
Los Angeles, California
There
is now a better, more efficient, “pollution
free power” and "carbon
free energy" solution for cooling, heating and powering
homes and commercial buildings where solar energy is available.
Solar Trigeneration is defined as the simultaneous generation of cooling, heating and power with only the free solar energy from the sun providing the "fuel".
Solar
Trigeneration is now
a reality at the Audubon
The Audubon Nature Center is totally powered by the sun’s energy and our Solar Trigeneration energy system!
The 5,300 square foot building operates entirely “grid-free” and without any electric connections to the electric grid, or natural gas connections – a truly sustainable power and energy solution.
Best
of all, the Audubon Center doesn’t rely on the over-burdened electric
grid or even natural gas. Therefore, the Audubon
Nature Center
NEVER receives an electric bill or
natural gas bill.... ever!
The
Audubon
Nature Center's 5,000 square foot
office and conference facility is powered by a Solar
Trigeneration
system that features a 25-kilowatt solar electric power system where the
energy is stored in a bank of batteries. The Center is cooled by a
10-ton solar
absorption cooling
system powered by an array of very efficient solar heat pipe vacuum tube
thermal collectors. The
collectors heat the water to temperatures of 200+ degree F stored in a
1,200 gallon insulated tank, another type of inexpensive battery. The Solar
Trigeneration
system at the Audubon not only provides the air-conditioning in the
summer but also heats the building in the winter, and provides the hot
water for the kitchen and bathrooms.
Absorption
chillers,
and cooling with solar energy with an absorption chiller are not new
technologies.
In fact, absorption chiller technology is over 70 years old.
The first refrigerators were powered by propane gas to run the
absorption chillers that used ammonia as a refrigerant.
Electricity and the electric compression chiller gained
popularity only because of the convenient “plug and play” appliance
and relatively cheap electric rates.
Electricity is no longer economically, or environmentally “cheap.”
History of Cogeneration and Trigeneration
Few people realize that the world's first commercial power plant, designed and built by Thomas Edison, was a cogeneration power plant that was first opened on Pearl Street, in Lower Manhattan, New York. That was in 1882! Edison not only generated, and sold electricity in the several blocks surrounding his "Pearl Street Station" but he also sold the hot water that was also generated from the cogeneration plant. The fuel Edison used for generating the electricity and hot water (cogeneration) came from "pulverized coal." The Pearl Street Station provided 110 volts of "direct current" power to 59 customers in lower Manhattan, around his Pearl Street laboratory.
Cogeneration is the simultaneous production of heat and power.
Trigeneration is the simultaneous production of cooling, heating and power.
Our company, in partnership with the Renewable Energy Institute and our affiliated partners, have perfected "Solar Cogeneration" and "Solar Trigeneration" which are the "heart" of our Net Zero Energy Buildings.
Unlike traditional cogeneration and trigeneration power plants that are fueled by natural gas - and Thomas Edison's cogeneration plant, which was fueled with pulverized coal, our Solar Cogeneration and Solar Trigeneration energy systems are fueled with the energy of the sun! And, while natural gas is a "cleaner" fuel, it still has its problems in that it is a limited resource and generates greenhouse gas emissions. Natural gas also have had extreme price swings and has a history of price volatility. Natural gas prices have gone from a high of $17.00/mmbtu to a recent low of under $3.00/mmbtu.
Regarding pulverized coal, yes, it's cheap in terms of the cost of generating electricity, but too many people forget about the "externalities" of pulverized coal that is not reflected in the "cheap" costs of generating electricity from pulverized coal. These costs not accounted for are the huge environmental cost relating to the use of pulverized coal. Pound for pound, pulverized coal and coal fired power plants generate more greenhouse gas emissions than any other fossil fuel. There are also the costs related to the health and safety issues of the miners that mine the coal. And, the costs to the environment in terms of the ever-increasing amounts of mercury that are "dumped" into the environment from coal fired power plants, is also not reflected in the "cheap" price of generating power from pulverized coal.
Unlike the problems inherently found with the use of fossil fuels, Solar Cogeneration and Solar Trigeneration have no such problems.
And talk about "cheap" costs of generating power and energy, there is nothing cheaper than free!!!!
The owners of the Audubon Nature Center never receive any monthly natural gas or electric bills!
And the owners of the Audubon Nature Center will never have to account for their greenhouse gas emissions, or comply with the ever-increasing regulations related to greenhouse gas emissions and the pending Cap and Trade laws..... thanks to our Solar Trigeneration energy system!
Solar
Trigeneration
is an EcoGeneration
solution. EcoGeneration
refers to a power and energy system that uses the “natural” energy
or fuel that is available for a specific site or location. Such energy
or fuel includes, solar, wind, BioMethane,
geothermal, and ocean power, including ocean tidal and ocean thermal
energy conversion. For
example, in the desert areas of the
Today,
the cause of the summer peak electric demand, electric supply problems,
and black-outs, are the result of the energy crisis in
Greater
Demands on California’s Limited Electric Supply, Lack of New Electric
Power Supplies, and This Summer’s Heat Wave are Compounding the
Problem Leading to the “Perfect Electric
Storm”
Many
people will remember the movie “The Perfect Storm” from several
years ago, when several storms came together in the northeastern part of
the
The
most likely time of year for a black-out in
How
Do We Prevent the “Perfect Electric Storm” from Occurring
in California and Other Regions in the U.S.?
Another
major concern is how do we prevent the “Perfect Electric Storm” from
happening, like the Northeast Blackout several summers ago, especially
for people living in the desert?
Governor
Schwarzenegger’s “Million Solar Roofs” program and the passage of
the 2005 Federal Energy Act will be the foundation to create a “Perfect Solar
Storm” to trigger the Solar Economy throughout California.
With
the threat of California’s seniors and elderly dying from heat
exhaustion due to power outages, black-outs, rolling black-outs and the
rising costs of electricity and natural gas, combined with the
continuing impact of global warming, the perfect solution is to create a
Solar Revolution by cooling, heating and powering the desert with solar
energy and technologies like Solar
Cogeneration or Solar
Trigeneration.
For
more information about Solar
Energy Systems, such as Solar
Cogeneration or Solar
Trigeneration,
call Monty Goodell at (832) 758 - 0027, or send an email to info@SolarTrigeneration.com.
The Audubon Center's new Solar Trigeneration
power and energy system
makes this building a "Net Zero Energy Building"
The Audubon's Roof showing
the Solar
Thermal Collectors, part of the
Solar Trigeneration
power and energy system
The heart of the Audubon's Solar Trigeneration
power and energy system
provides "free heating, cooling and domestic hot water," a
"net zero energy
building."
The hot water from the Solar Thermal Collectors
on the roof of the Audubon is pumped here for producing the building's
heating, cooling and domestic hot water.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Absorption Chillers
&
Adsorption Chillers
For Solar Trigeneration Applications
What Absorption
Chillers and How Does They Work?
Absorption chillers
use heat instead of mechanical energy to provide cooling. A
thermal compressor consists of an absorber, a generator, a pump, and a
throttling device, and replaces the mechanical vapor compressor.
In
the chiller, refrigerant vapor from the evaporator is absorbed by a
solution mixture in the absorber. This solution is then pumped to the
generator. There the refrigerant re-vaporizes using a waste steam heat
source. The refrigerant-depleted solution then returns to the absorber via
a throttling device. The two most common refrigerant/ absorbent mixtures
used in absorption chillers
are water/lithium bromide and ammonia/water.
Compared
with mechanical chillers, absorption chillers
have a low coefficient of
performance (COP = chiller load/heat input). However, absorption chillers
can substantially reduce operating costs because they are powered by
low-grade waste heat. Vapor compression chillers, by contrast, must be
motor- or engine-driven.
Low-pressure,
steam-driven absorption chillers
are available in capacities ranging from
100 to 1,500 tons. Absorption chillers
come in two commercially available
designs: single-effect and double-effect. Single-effect machines provide a
thermal COP of 0.7 and require about 18 pounds of
15-pound-per-square-inch-gauge (psig) steam per ton-hour of cooling.
Double-effect machines are about 40% more efficient, but require a higher
grade of thermal input, using about 10 pounds of 100- to 150-psig steam
per ton-hour.
In
single-effect absorption chillers,
all condensing heat cools and
condenses in the condenser. From there it is released to the cooling
water. A double-effect machine adopts a higher heat efficiency of
condensation and divides the generator into a high-temperature and a
low-temperature generator.
Actions You Can Take
Determine
the cost-effectiveness of displacing a portion of your cooling load with a
waste steam absorption chiller by taking the following steps:
-
Conduct a plant survey to identify sources and availability of waste steam
-
Determine cooling load requirements and the cost of meeting those requirements with existing mechanical chillers or new installations
-
Obtain installed cost quotes for a waste steam absorption chiller
-
Conduct a life cycle cost analysis to determine if the waste steam absorption chiller meets your company's cost-effectiveness criteria.
Absorption Chillers Refrigeration Cycle
The basic cooling cycle is the same for the absorption and electric chillers. Both systems use a low-temperature liquid refrigerant that absorbs heat from the water to be cooled and converts to a vapor phase (in the evaporator section). The refrigerant vapors are then compressed to a higher pressure (by a compressor or a generator), converted back into a liquid by rejecting heat to the external surroundings (in the condenser section), and then expanded to a low- pressure mixture of liquid and vapor (in the expander section) that goes back to the evaporator section and the cycle is repeated.
The basic difference between the electric chillers and absorption chillers is that an electric chiller uses an electric motor for operating a compressor used for raising the pressure of refrigerant vapors and absorption chillers use the heat for compressing refrigerant vapors to a high-pressure. The rejected heat from the power-generation equipment (e.g. turbines, microturbines, and engines) may be used with an absorption chiller to provide the cooling in a CHP system.
The basic absorption cycle employs two fluids, the absorbate or refrigerant, and the absorbent. The most commonly fluids are water as the refrigerant and lithium bromide as the absorbent. These fluids are separated and recombined in the absorption cycle. In the absorption cycle the low-pressure refrigerant vapor is absorbed into the absorbent releasing a large amount of heat. The liquid refrigerant/absorbent solution is pumped to a high-operating pressure generator using significantly less electricity than that for compressing the refrigerant for an electric chiller. Heat is added at the high-pressure generator from a gas burner, steam, hot water or hot gases. The added heat causes the refrigerant to desorb from the absorbent and vaporize. The vapors flow to a condenser, where heat is rejected and condense to a high-pressure liquid. The liquid is then throttled though an expansion valve to the lower pressure in the evaporator where it evaporates by absorbing heat and provides useful cooling. The remaining liquid absorbent, in the generator passes through a valve, where its pressure is reduced, and then is recombined with the low-pressure refrigerant vapors returning from the evaporator so the cycle can be repeated.
Absorption chillers are used to generate cold water (44°F) that is circulated to air handlers in the distribution system for air conditioning.
"Indirect-fired" absorption chillers use steam, hot water or hot gases steam from a boiler, turbine or engine generator, or fuel cell as their primary power input. Theses chillers can be well suited for integration into a CHP system for buildings by utilizing the rejected heat from the electric generation process, thereby providing high operating efficiencies through use of otherwise wasted energy.
"Direct-fired" systems contain natural gas burners; rejected heat from these chillers can be used to regenerate desiccant dehumidifiers or provide hot water.
Commercially, absorption chillers can be single-effect or multiple-effect. The above schematic refers to a single-effect absorption chiller. Multiple-effect absorption chillers are more efficient and discussed below.
Multiple-Effect Absorption Chillers
In single-effect absorption chillers, the heat released during the chemical process of absorbing refrigerant vapor into the liquid stream, rich in absorbent, is rejected to the environment. In a multiple-effect absorption chiller, some of this energy is used as the driving force to generate more refrigerant vapor. The more vapor generated per unit of heat or fuel input, the greater the cooling capacity and the higher the overall operating efficiency.
Double-effect absorption chillers uses two generators paired with a single condenser, absorber, and evaporator. It requires a higher temperature heat input to operate and therefore they are limited in the type of electrical generation equipment they can be paired with when used in a CHP System.
Triple-effect
absorption chillers can
achieve even higher efficiencies than the double-effect chillers. These absorption chillers
require still higher elevated operating temperatures that can
limit choices in materials and refrigerant/absorbent pairs. Triple-effect
chillers are under development by manufacturers working in cooperation
with the U.S. Department of Energy.
_______________________________________________________________________
What is "Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide?"
Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide (CuInSe2) is a material that provides an extremely high absorption of light ( 99%) to be absorbed in the first micron of the material. Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide is projected to be the revolutionary material that some are saying, could put typical "central" power plants and some electric utilities, out of business, as it will be much cheaper for customers to generate their own onsite power with Thin Film Photovoltaics made from these materials.
When additional small amounts of Gallium is added to Copper Indium diSelenide, this increases its' light-absorbing band gap, thereby making the solar panel more closely match the solar spectrum of the sun. This, in turn, increases the voltage and the efficiency of the Thin Film Photovoltaics solar panel.
Solar panels produced with Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide cells have reached efficiencies of more than 20% - which is much higher than the other Thin Film Photovoltaics.
Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide solar panels create more electricity from the same amount of sunlight than other Thin Film Photovoltaics panels. This translates into a higher conversion efficiency.
The conversion efficiency of Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide PV technologies is very stable over time, meaning its power output remains stable over many years, while the power output of many other PV materials can rapidly decline with time.
What are "Building Integrated Photovoltaics?"
Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) are solar energy systems that are integrated into a part of the building, that serve as the building's exterior or the building's skin.
Commercial buildings and facilities (including houses) that integrate their own solar power systems into the building's exteriors, are referred to as "power buildings."
The technology that makes this possible is "Thin Film Photovoltaics."
What are Thin Film Photovoltaics?
Without a doubt, the most exciting technology in the solar power industry is "Thin Film Photovoltaics." Thin Film Photovoltaics technology represents the next big thing in renewable energy and solar power as it integrates nanotechnologies into the production of solar photovoltaics.
According to the Department of Energy, the recent technological advances in thin film photovoltaics make this a very exciting time to be in the solar energy industry. These advances have led to many new developments in the components and manufacturing of thin film photovoltaics. This has made thin film photovoltaics cheaper to manufacture as they are also now easier to install since they are extremely versatile, flexible, bendable, and much lighter.
Thin film photovoltaics have led many to believe that as much as 50% of our nation's future power will be generated by "power buildings" that integrate "building integrated photovoltaics" or "BIPV" into the building's skin or exterior surfaces, that convert sunlight into "pollution free power" for use in the building. This also designates these buildings (and homes) as "Net Zero Energy Buildings" and make the option for going grid-free, or not connecting to the grid, a real possibility.
According to the Department of Energy, the market potential for printed electronics will grow into a $47 billion market by 2018. Thin film photovoltaics represents a significant portion of this market - and based on this heavily researched solar technology, thin film photovoltaics now represents a $20 billion/year industry in the U.S.
The solar PV panels produced under the thin film photovoltaics umbrella have the potential to produce power significantly cheaper power than today’s typical silicon-based PV panels. The panels are usually made in the form of a monolithic piece of glass, upon which various thin films are deposited, although a number of firms are working on depositing the materials on a substrate, such as stainless steel or plastic.
Types of Thin Film Photovoltaics – there are primarily three types of thin film photovoltaics and include:
Amorphous Silicon had the largest share of the thin film photovoltaics market through 2006. It has been researched for the longest period of time, may be the best understood material of the three and has been commercial for the longest. Cadmium Telluride has the remaining share and is growing.
Thin Film Photovoltaics Advantages over Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics
-
Lower cost of production of the
-
Lower production facility cost per watt - CapEx
-
Uses as little as 1/500 of the amount used in standard silicon cells
-
Lower energy payback – amount of time until the product produces more energy than was utilized in its manufacture.
-
Produces more power/watt
-
Superior performance in hot and cloudy climates
-
Integrates seemlessly in homes and buildings – see Building Integrated Photovoltaics
-
Produces the lowest cost power
_______________________________________________________________________
About Us
We provide renewable energy engineering services and turnkey installations of our solar energy systems for commercial, municipal, government, schools and utility clients with projects located in the U.S., Canada Central America and the Caribbean. In many cases, we may also be able to provide project finance or investment.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions Consulting
Carbon Emissions Consulting & Solutions
Greenhouse Gas Emissions consulting
Renewable Energy Credit consulting
What is "Decentralized Energy"?
Decentralized Energy is the opposite of "centralized energy." Decentralized Energy energy generates the power and energy that a residential, commercial or industrial customer needs, onsite. Examples of decentralized energy production are solar energy systems and solar trigeneration energy systems.
Today's electric utility industry was "born" in the 1930's, when fossil fuel prices were cheap, and the cost of wheeling the electricity via transmission power lines, was also cheap. "Central" power plants could be located hundreds of miles from the load centers, or cities, where the electricity was needed. These extreme inefficiencies and cheap fossil fuel prices have added a considerable economic and environmental burden to the consumers and the planet.
Centralized energy is found in the form of electric utility companies that generate power from "central" power plants. Central power plants are highly inefficient, averaging only 33% net system efficiency. This means that the power coming to your home or business - including the line losses and transmission inefficiencies of moving the power - has lost 75% to as much as 80% energy it started with at the "central" power plant. These losses and inefficiencies translate into significantly increased energy expenses by the residential and commercial consumers.
Decentralized Energy is the Best Way to Generate Clean and Green Energy!
How we make and distribute electricity is changing!
The electric power generation, transmission and distribution system (the electric "grid") is changing and evolving from the electric grid of the 19th and 20th centuries, which was inefficient, highly-polluting, very expensive and “dumb.”
The "old" way of generating and distributing
energy resembles this slide:
The electric grid of the 21st century (see slide below)
will be
Decentralized, Smart, Efficient and provide "carbon
free energy" and “pollution
free power” to customers who remain on the
electric grid. The electric grid of the future will be comprised of
both Onsite Power
Generation plants and "utility
scale power plants" that are fueled/powered with Biomass
Gasification, Biomethane, Concentrating
Solar Power, B100 Biodiesel, Distributed
PV, EcoGeneration Systems, Geothermal
Power Plants, Synthesis
Gas, Rooftop PV, Solar
Cogeneration, Solar Energy
Systems, Solar Power Parks, Solar
Trigeneration and Wind Power
Generation - located at Residential, Commercial, Industrial
and City/Municipal Locations.
Some customers will choose to
dis-connect from the
grid entirely.
(Electric grid represented by the small light blue circles in the slide below.)
The transmission grid will be upgraded to a "Transmission Superhighway" with green electrons now being wheeled via "High Voltage Direct Current."
Typical "central" power plants and the electric utility companies that own them will either be shut-down, closed or go out of business due to one or more of the following: failed business model, inordinate expenses related to central power plants that are inefficient, excessive pollution/emissions, high costs, continued reliance on the use of fossil fuels to generate energy, and the failure to provide efficient, carbon free energy and pollution free power.
Carbon free energy and pollution free power reduces our dependence on foreign oil and makes us Energy Independent while reducing and eliminating Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
For more information, call us at: 832 - 758 - 0027
* Some of the above information from the Department of Energy website with permission.
_______________________________________________________________________
Amazing
Solar Fact!
Did you know
that the silicon
contained in only one ton of sand,
and used in manufacturing
solar photovoltaic
panels, could
produce as much electricity as burning 500,000 tons
of coal?
_______________________________________________________________________
How
To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
You can easily and affordably reduce or eliminate your company's "carbon footprint."
Did you know that the United States Congress will be passing the S. 2191 "Cap and Trade" Law in 2009? Did you know that Supreme Court ruled in April (2008) that the EPA already has the authority to regulate Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Cap And Trade narrowly passed in the U.S. House of Representatives, and is now in the U.S. Senate, who has threatened to make even greater reductions of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in their final Bill of the Cap And Trade legislation.
Are you ready for these new regulations? We can help you get ready!
According to Monty Goodell, MBA, the Founder and Chairman of the Renewable Energy Institute, “Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Dioxide Emissions will be the world’s biggest commodity market and will probably soon be the world’s largest market, period." In fact, Mr. Goodell anticipates that Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Dioxide Emissions will become one of the fasting-growing commodities and markets ever.
Every day, leading companies are spending millions of dollars going "GREEN" and reducing their Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
The Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Market Potential is staggering! According to a recent New York Times article, carbon trading is one of the “fastest-growing specialties in financial services.”
Already, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading and International Carbon Trading markets are worth in excess of $50 billion/year. The United Nations expects this market to be valued in excess of $2 Trillion/year by 2012 and others are saying this could easily exceed $5 Trillion/year within the next several years!
DO THE MATH on the Carbon Dioxide Emissions market!
You may be wondering, how can such a relatively new commodity grow so rapidly? Here in the USA, 40 billion tons of Carbon Dioxide Emissions are produced every year. At the present price of $50 per ton of carbon dioxide, the Carbon Dioxide Emissions market is valued at $2.0 Trillion (40 billion tons of Carbon Dioxide Emissions x $50.00/ton).
How to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint
Carbon Emissions, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions can be reduced or completely eliminated with renewable energy technologies, such as our Solar Energy Systems - including our super high efficiency Solar Cogeneration and Solar Trigeneration energy systems. Brown buildings can be upgraded in to green buildings and "Net Zero Energy Buildings" through the products and services that we offer.
Qualified
commercial, government, industrial and municipal clients can affordably have one
of our Solar Cogeneration and Solar
Trigeneration energy systems installed, with ZERO up-front costs, with our Power
Purchase Agreement. Call (832) 758 - 0027 to learn more and find out
if your business qualifies.
______________________________________________________________________________ Monty
Goodell, MBA, Founder and President of the Renewable Energy Institute, along
with the Renewable Energy
Institute's Scientific Advisory Board, which is comprised of several of our nation's
leading experts, engineers, attorneys, professors and universities, is calling
for our nation and all 50 states to adopt a Renewable Portfolio Standard
(RPS)
of at least 25% by 2025. And even
better than a Renewable Portfolio Standard,
according to Mr. Goodell, is a "Feed
In Tariff," which is the route Germany took, and why they have had such
great success in their transition to a solar based economy. The
fastest paths to jump-start the renewable energy industry, is through a "Feed
In Tariff. A Feed
In Tariff
is superior to a Renewable Portfolio Standard," according to Mr.
Goodell.
"For example, look at Germany's success in their transition to an economy
based on the installation of solar
energy systems, they adopted a Feed In
Tariff, are further north
from the Equator than we are here in the U.S., and they are placing solar panels
on every rooftop and wind turbine generators throughout their country. They are
leading the world in renewable energy technologies, primarily due to their early
adoption of a Feed In Tariff" What is a
Feed In Tariff?
Why We Need Renewable Energy,
and a Feed In
Tariff, NOW!
A Feed
In Tariff is a utility rate that is established by a state or federal
government, that requires a utility to pay higher electricity rates for green
electricity generated by the owners of the solar
energy systems, whether that is a homeowner or business owner. Feed
In Tariffs shifts the expenses of subsidizing green energy from taxpayers, to electricity ratepayers.
Feed In Tariffs also include guarantee
that the Feed In Tariffs' artificially
higher rates, will continue for periods as long as 25 years.
Germany's great success for jump-starting the solar energy industry there, first
established Feed In Tariffs in
1999. Germany now has about five times as many
solar photovoltaic panels installed as the United
States - even though their total combined installations of PV panels still
only account for about 0.5% of the electricity generated there.
"So, we go with a Feed In Tariff in lieu of a
Renewable Portfolio Standard.
Simultaneously, we need to start re-building our national
electric grid, and transforming it into 'Transmission
Superhighway' or 'Unified Smart
Grid' and dramatically
increase the nation's power supply as well as implement greater use of 'Energy
Efficiency Measures' - also referred to as Energy
Conservation Measures. And we need to implement "real" 'Demand Side Management' programs. Failure to
move in these areas and to do so immediately increases the risks to our country,
our national security and the climate" according to Mr. Goodell.
According to Mr. Goodell, our nation is at a crossroads and we have been 'over the Middle Eastern barrel of their fossil fuels' long enough. We must shift from energy dependence to energy independence and place significant emphasis and investments in our national energy security and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
Renewable energy, and only renewable energy provides the significant economic and environmental dividends our country now needs. Preferably, our fledgling renewable energy industry in the U.S., will be "jump-started" with a Feed In Tariff.
Some of the economic and environmental dividends that renewable energy will provide our country, include:
-
Creation of more than 3 million new jobs in the U.S..
-
Generate more than $1 trillion in economic impacts
-
Eliminates or Reduces Carbon Emissions and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
-
Significant reductions of oil imports
-
Reduce energy prices and save consumers as much as $50 billion on their energy bills
-
Elimination of billions of pounds of carbon dioxide emissions and other greenhouse gas emissions
-
Stimulate rural economies
-
Conserve natural gas supplies
-
Creates a clean, safe energy future
-
Position the US as a world leader in renewable energy technologies
According to the Energy Information Administration, the total US primary energy consumption is expected to increase from 100 quadrillion Btu (quads) in 2005 to 131 quads in 2030. However, the renewable electricity generation remains at 9% while use of coal increases 50 percent in 2030 to 57%. Ethanol use is expected to increase from 4 billion gallons in 2005 to 14.6 billion gallons in 2030, yet that is only about 8% of total gasoline consumption.
In January (2008) the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) blamed the burning of fossil fuels as a key contributor to global warming and accelerating climate change. The NCDC warned that the rate of the warming is accelerating and that the rise in temperatures over the past 9 years is “unprecedented in the historical record." This was underscored in February (2008) in the consensus report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that concluded with near certainty that human activity was the main contributor to global warming.
The renewable energy industry, single-handedly, provides a powerful argument and solutions for these problems.
Global warming and climate change are symptoms of a sick planet and the results of unrestrained "dumping" of huge amounts of pollution - in the form of carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.
The vast majority of carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gas emissions comes from "dirty" fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) used in making electricity at power plants and dirty fuels (gasoline and petroleum diesel) that run our internal combustion engines in our cars, trains, planes, and trucks. Our planet is home to millions and millions of internal combustion engines that run on dirty fossil fuels - whether they are fueled with gasoline for running our cars and lawnmowers or running on diesel fuel in the engines of trucks and ships like the very large crude carriers that transport the crude oil all around the world...... every internal combustion engine that is running on dirty fossil fuels is dumping millions and millions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gas emissions into our atmosphere - which is aggravating and exacerbating our sick planet - and making manmade climate change and global warming more difficult to resolve through manmade remedies and solutions.
_______________
_________________________________________________________ Why the U.S. Needs A "Unified Smart Grid" or"Transmission Superhighway"
According to Monty Goodell, the Chairman and Founder of the Renewable Energy Institute, "our country desperately needs to upgrade its' national electric grid. The grid of today is a relic from the past, that is inefficient and costly. Originally built in the 1930's, it is costing our nation approximately $120 billion every year due to its' outdated and out-lived existence. The national power grid as designed and built in the 1930's does not have the efficiencies and capabilities to keep pace with the national power grid's demands of today."
"What we need" according to Mr. Goodell, is what former Vice President Al Gore calls a "Unified Smart Grid" or what we prefer to call a "Transmission Superhighway."
A Transmission
Superhighway would be buried underground and "wheels" or transmits
the renewable power ("green electricity") from the wind farms of the
midwest, and solar farms of the southwest, and geothermal farms of the west, to
load centers throughout every corner of the U.S."
According to many estimates, the "Unified
Smart Grid" or "Transmission
Superhighway" could be built for about $400 billion. Through its'
increased efficiencies, savings and reliability improvements that it will
provide, the nation's new "unified smart grid" will be paid in full,
in less than 4 years.
__________________________________________________________________
For more information, call us at: 832 - 758 - 0027
* Some of the above information from the Department of Energy website with permission.
___________________________________________________________________
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Linked to Photo courtesy of Alaska Image Library. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service
“spending
hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of billions of dollars every year for oil,
much of it from the Middle East, is just about the single stupidest thing that
modern society could possibly do. It’s very difficult to think of anything
more idiotic then that.” R. James Woolsey, Jr., former
Director of the CIA
the Loss of Polar Bears
______________________________________________________________
|
Price of Addiction ### to Foreign Oil |
About the Renewable Energy Institute,
Climate Science,
Tax-payer Subsidies for Fossil Fuel & Nuclear Industries,
Peak Oil
& America's Clear and Present
Danger
Monty Goodell, MBA
Founder and Chairman
Renewable Energy Institute
The Renewable Energy Institute (REI) does not take a stand in the debate on global warming, and if there is global warming, is it "anthropogenic" or is it caused by the sun, or the sun's normal cycles. Or, if there is " climate change," is it "global cooling" caused by the water vapor in the atmosphere? The stand we take is that we need to invest in renewable energy technologies, producing clean, renewable energy that doesn't pollute the planet, and end America's addiction to crude oil from foreign countries where we now spend OVER $1 Billion/day, to buy the oil we need, and some of those suppliers (muslims in foreign countries) take our dollars and make bombs and bullets and send our boys back in body bags. We need to stop this, and put American's back to work, generating "green power and energy" right here at home.
At the Renewable Energy Institute, we are waiting for the "true" scientists who doing the real research, to provide us with the science and answers critically needed to formulate correct policy - and not the phony " scientists" who are following politically-motivated and profit-driven agendas of the United Nations and government leaders. These phony scientists are not interested in conducting real scientific research. Their very livelihoods are dependent on the government grants to fund their phony research that have pre-determined conclusions before and "research" is conducted.
Political-interference by governments, governmental agencies, and bureaucrats that hand out billions of tax-payers dollars to phony scientists to conduct "junk science" and research, expect the conclusions that supports anthropogenic global warming, or climate change.
When scientists conclude in their research that they find no evidence of anthropogenic climate change or global warming, they are summarily dismissed, and black-balled from their communities and colleagues, and never again receive funding or grants. Grants and funding by government bureaucrats with politically-driven agendas to "scientists" expecting their pre-determined results and conclusions supporting anthropogenic global warming must stop.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), in 2007
-
the solar industry received $198 million in subsidies.
-
the oil and natural gas industry collected $2.1 Billion in tax-payer subsidies.
-
the coal industry coal received $3.2 Billion in tax-payer subsidies.
And since 1960:
-
the nuclear industry has received nearly $70 billion in tax-payer incentives and tax-payer subsidies.
Taxpayers have bankrolled the oil and gas industry, and the coal industry for 100 years now, and the nuclear industry for 50 years, to keep these dirty fuels and energy "cheap." Take away the tax-payer incentives and tax dollars, and we believe the real cost of gasoline, would be similar to the gasoline cost in Europe - $7.00 - $8.00/gallon!
In the meantime, our U.S. Military is spending billions of tax-payer dollars each year protecting the Straits of Hormuz where much of the world's crude oil is produced and shipped through the straits' international shipping lanes. Each day, hundreds of "very large crude carriers" pass through the Straits of Hormuz carrying oil from OPEC and the Middle-East to the U.S. and many other countries.
Isn't it time we take some of the tax-payer dollars supporting the nuclear, coal and oil and gas industries, and start incentivizing clean, renewable energy technologies that don't pollute or harm the environment in any way? Isn't it time that America ends its reliance on non-sustainable energy sources and stop over $1 billion every day, to oil suppliers from foreign countries, and start putting this money in "solar on every rooftop?!?
Mercury Emissions from Coal Fired Power Plants Far More Harmful to the Planet and People than Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Regarding the harm being caused to our planet from energy use, far more harm is being done to the planet, as well as to people and plants and animals, particularly fish, from the mercury emissions from coal fired power plants than from the coal fired power plants' greenhouse gas emissions. We surmise that if any polar bears have died as a result of an environmental problem, it was more likely from the high levels of mercury in their food chain, than from greenhouse gas emissions.
The Renewable Energy Institute is supporting and advancing renewable energy technologies, as well as reducing and eliminating greenhouse gas emissions and the fossil-fuel problems related to America's oil addiction and ending our dependence on foreign oil. The renewable energy technologies we support are already deemed to be economic, viable and practical. Solutions such as Solar Trigeneration energy systems (see www.SolarTrigeneration.com for more information) for any kind of facility or building - office buildings, shopping centers, data centers, university campuses, etc.
Since 2003, a Solar Trigeneration energy system has been providing 100% of the power and energy for a 5,300 sq. ft. office building near downtown Los Angeles, and doing so without any connection to the electric grid, whether its 12 noon or 12 midnite!
The Renewable Energy Institute is also involved in research and advocacy of "Net Zero Energy" (see: www.NetZeroEnergy.com for more information) and "Net Zero Energy Buildings" (see: www.NetZeroEnergyBuildings.com for more information). Net Zero Energy Buildings generate as much (or more) energy than they use, and export their excess power to the grid, which we believe needs to be updated into a "Transmission Superhighway."
Climate Change, Global Warming or Global Cooling?
The past 10 years indicates the opposite of "global warming" has occurred - that the "Earths Fever" has and that global cooling has taken place.
Weather, on a daily basis, or even an annual basis, is not climate, and climate is not weather.
"Climate change" is always taking place, from one day to the next, and one week to the next, as well as one year to the next. The planet's climate is an ever-evolving, changing and dynamic process.
Again, researchers and scientists need to refrain from being political, and stay out of politics, and politicians need to stay out of the way of the scientists and researchers, and let them do their work. Politicians, government leaders and bureaucrats scientists need true and accurate data and climate research from scientists that do not have a political agenda.
In the meantime, as there may still be 30 years of research before there are conclusive answers concerning anthropogenic climate change, can we "risk" 30 years of our children and grand children's future, should there is a link between climate change and greenhouse gas emissions? Should we not err on the side of caution?
Hubbert's Peak Oil Predictions Now Proving True?
Marion King Hubbert was a geologist and scientist who worked at Shell Oil company's research lab in Houston, Texas. Hubbert made several important contributions to geology, geophysics and petroleum geology. Hubbert is most recognized for the "Hubbert Curve" and " Hubbert Peak Theory" which is now referred to as " Peak Oil.
Hubbert's life work determined that the world has a finite amount of petroleum that can be produced. (Similarly, there is a finite amount of coal.) Many scientists and engineers believe we have reached Hubbert's "peak oil" limit. Hubbert's espouses that when 50% of domestic crude oil production has been reached, that there will be such significant upward demand on prices of the limited supplies of oil production, that the U.S. economy will experience severe economic, social, and political turmoil.
Hubbert's Peak Oil predictions have proven to be true and this is validated as the U.S. in the early 1970's produced about 60% of its' oil demand and imported 40%. That equation has flipped since then, because our domestic oil production has been on the decline since 1970, so now, due to our declining domestic oil production, we have to import 60% of our oil supplies, to meet our country's oil/energy demands.
The Next Oil Shock Could be the "mother" of All Oil Shocks
How severe our economic calamity and next "oil shock" will depend upon a number of factors, including when this occurs, as well as the following:
1. the dependence of the individual country upon its own crude oil production to meet its energy needs and to subsidize consumer imports;
2. the rate of relative decline in crude oil production;
3. the degree of difficulty encountered in replacing missing energy inputs;
4.
the degree to which our country had prepared in advance for this inevitable geological
and economic calamity.
Examples of past "oil shocks" and the economic and political
calamities that followed:
United States: Our peak crude oil production of domestic oil occurred in
1970; the first "oil shock" and oil crisis followed in 1973 with the
Arab/OPEC Oil Embargo.
Iran: Their peak crude oil production occurred in 1974; They had their islamic revolution 1979 that overturned government and replaced it with radical islam.
Soviet
Union: Their peak crude oil production
was in 1989; what happened next?
Their country disintegrated and the collapse of the Soviet Union followed in 1991.
Indonesia: Their peak crude oil production was in 1991; their financial
and government crisis followed in 1997.
Iraq: Iraq's crude oil production was in 1989; they then invaded Kuwait (for their oil) in 1991.
Using Mr. Hubbert's predictions, that beginning around 2000 we would see peak (global) oil production, then, if the country's not weaning themselves off of their oil addiction, and had not begun making the switch to renewable energy, that the negative economic and political calamities would soon follow, including ever-increasing prices of energy that is from fossil fuels.
Now
is the time to begin weaning ourselves off of fossil fuels and making the
transition to and increasing the use of renewable energy. If
you don't believe in climate change, or global warming, GREAT! Join us in the
switch to renewable energy and a fossil-free economy!
America's
"Clear and Present Danger" America
Has INCREASED its' Dependence on Foreign America
is even more "addicted" to foreign oil today, than we were in 1973 -
1974 when OPEC, Saudi Arabia and other suppliers from the Middle-East
stopped selling us their fossil fuels, and created a significant blow to our
economy.
According
to the CIA Fact Book, Every Day, the U.S.: PRODUCES:
7,460,000 bbls of oil (within its borders) CONSUMES:
20,800,000 bbls of oil Simply
put, about 65% of the gasoline in your car's gas tank, comes from a foreign
country. EVERY
day, the U.S. must IMPORT over 13 million bbls of oil from foreign
countries and foreign suppliers to meet demand. This
is NOT acceptable. America
needs to quickly transition to Energy Independence. Renewable
Energy is the Only Way America Can Achieve Energy Independence.
Millions
of new and sustainable American jobs would be created here at home, if we would
end our addiction to foreign fossil fuels, and quickly transition to an economy
based on renewable energy and renewable fuels, produced here in the U.S.A. The good news is that today,
America already has all of the Renewable
Energy Resources and Renewable
Energy Technologies needed to make American Energy Independence a
reality.
According
to Monty Goodell, Founder and Chairman of the Renewable
Energy Institute, "our increased dependence and reliance on foreign
energy supplies represents a Clear
and Present Danger to our national security, our economy, and the lives and
livelihood of every American. Energy - including the energy we use from
imported fossil fuels, is the very "lifeblood" of the American economy
as it is for every industrialized country. An economy dies without it's
lifeblood of energy. This Clear
and Present Danger we face is far more serious than the problems related to greenhouse
gas emissions. And while greenhouse
gas emissions are very serious issue, in the long-term, pales in comparison
to America's vital national security interests and America's economic stability
in the short term. For this reason alone, America needs to transition away
from its addiction to foreign energy supplies. And America's abundant renewable energy
resources such as the energy we receive from the sun, and renewable
energy technologies such as concentrated
solar power (CSP) plants - can supply 100% of America's power
requirements with a concentrating solar
power plant measuring 75 miles by 75 miles, located in the Southwest
U.S. By generating America's power from concentrating
solar power plants, America resolves its' short-term Clear
and Present Danger as it relates to importing its energy from foreign
countries, and the long-term problems relating to greenhouse
gas emissions." Continuing,
Mr. Goodell states that "too many Americans have forgotten what happened to
us in
1973, when the Arabs and OPEC brought the United States economy to a screeching halt
during the OPEC Oil Embargo. This happened because they (mainly the
country of Saudi Arabia)
disagreed with our foreign policy and is the reason why they "turned off the tap" of
our need for their oil supplies. When Saudi Arabia and OPEC
stopped the vital flow of oil to our country in 1973, they caused an "oil shock"
that severely and negatively impacted our economy. Mr.
Goodell's question for us to ponder is, "do these countries who sell us 60%
of our daily energy requirements, like us and our foreign policy, or might they
leverage our addiction to their fossil fuels, and turn off the tap to make us
adjust or revise our foreign policy?? Like any addict, America's foreign
policy may be held hostage to its addiction, and in this case, our addiction to
foreign oil, may over-ride our national interests."
Have
American's forgotten the gas shortages and long lines at "Apparently
so." Mr. Goodell states that "in 1973, America was 'addicted'
and 'over the barrel' of foreign oil to the amount of 40%. Forty percent
of our energy 'needs' in 1973 came from countries - many of which didn't like us
then, and I'm afraid, many of them still don't. The difference between
1973 and today - is that today we receive 50% MORE foreign oil now than we did
in 1973. And now we know about the problems relating to greenhouse
gas emissions that we didn't know then. America needs to change
course, and change course now, in terms of its' energy supplies and how we keep
America's economy strong, without the threat of being held hostage to a
middle-east tyrant or regime, that could once again, turn on us, and turn off
our supply of foreign oil."
Remember
???? "Let
me Repeat.... That
was 1973 when we imported 40% of our daily energy requirements in the form of
crude oil from overseas, and from foreign countries - and many of these from
countries that don't like us. Today,
over 35 years later, America has yet to learn the lesson. We cannot
continue our reliance on energy from foreign countries that supply us with
60% of the crude oil that our refineries use as a feedstock for producing
gasoline and diesel fuel for our cars and trucks comes from overseas. America
is "over the barrel" and it's not our barrel, but the barrels of oil
that we are addicted by and owned by other countries. Why have we not
learned the lessons we needed to learn in 1973 when we were cut-off from the
vital energy supplies we need? Countries
like China, are growing rapidly, and have an insatiable need for crude oil.
China, with their booming economy, is increasingly growing in its clout and
control over international supplies of crude oil - whether they do this through
their ability to buy as much oil as they need on a daily basis, or whether they
simply but American drilling rigs, technology, and explore and produce oil and gas from their own fields. China, is buying large amounts of oil for their country, and causing
upward pricing on declining supplies. What happens if Russia, with all of their
oil and natural gas, along with China and Venezuela, with or without the help of
OPEC, decided to NOT sell oil to us???? To
be sure, greenhouse
gas emissions are a problem, and to some, greenhouse
gas emissions are also a Clear
and Present Danger, but not to the extent that it presents an imminent Clear
and Present Danger. America's
reliance for 60% of our energy "needs" coming from foreign suppliers
is un-acceptable. The
"driver" to get America to begin reducing and eliminating fossil fuel
use should be our nation's national security and the welfare and safety of its
citizens. And this can all begin with developing and investing in our own renewable energy
resources and renewable
energy technologies, let's start by putting solar on every rooftop that has
a clear and unobstructed view of the Southern sky. See www.RooftopPV.com
or www.DistributedPV.com
for more information. Let's create incentives begin with adopting a
national "Feed In Tariff" as
Germany did in 1990. America,
we simply do NOT have the luxury of time on our hands. We need to end our
dependence and reliance on foreign fossil fuels, especially from countries that
don't like us! We need to rapidly begin expanding renewable energy
resources and renewable
energy technologies from our vast and abundant renewable energy resources,
such as; solar, solar energy systems, solar cogeneration, solar trigeneration,
"solar on every roof," waste to energy, waste to fuel, biomass
gasification, B100 Biodiesel, Biomethane, Synthesis Gas, geothermal, E100
Ethanol (from sugar cane and NOT from corn), and wind, where it makes economic
sense."
___________________________________________________________________________
Sources of Energy by 50% Since 1973.
This
Means that 65% of America's Energy Supplies are Now Imported from Suppliers
from Foreign Countries.
At
$80/barrel of oil, this also means that $1,040,000,000.00 American Dollars leave
our country, EVERY DAY, to foreign countries/suppliers of our fossil fuels, to
pay for the energy we need.
That's
$1 Billion EVERY day leaving our economy, and going to support a foreign
country's economy.
Talk
about our foreign trade deficit..... nearly $400 Billion each year, leaves our
country to pay for our oil addiction and the energy we need. To be exact,
that's $379,600,000,000.00 American Dollars.
their gas stations to get
gas during the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973?
"
Sadly," Monty Goodell continues, " most Americans have forgotten the long lines of people waiting in their cars
- lined up and waiting
for gasoline at their nearby gas station, with lines that were many blocks
long. And, after waiting 4-5 hours, many even waiting overnight in many places, to
finally take their turn to fill up their car with gasoline, only to find that
the gas station
had run out of gas."
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Are
you doing your part to prevent Climate Change and End America's
Reliance on Foreign Energy?
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www.AnaerobicDigester.com
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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Our Biomethane, B100 Biodiesel and Synthesis Gas Fuels Generated from our "Waste to Fuel" technologies are Carbon Free Energy and Pollution Free Power solutions that will:
* eliminate or greatly reduce our customer's electric demand charges and electric expenses.
* slow, stop and eventually reverse climate change by reducing and then
eliminating anthropogenic greenhouse
gas emissions - of which carbon
dioxide emissions makes up 80% of all greenhouse
gas emissions.
* reduce and eventually eliminate the use of coal and other fossil fuels.
*
reduce the need for inefficient and expensive central power plants owned by
utility companies.
* promote energy independence.
* end America's dependence on oil from OPEC and other countries in the Middle-East, Venezuela and end our need for importing natural gas from Russia.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We support the Renewable Energy Institute by donating a portion of our profits to the Renewable Energy Institute in their efforts to reduce fossil fuel use through renewable energy and their goals to end pollution from Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
The Renewable Energy Institute is "Changing The Way The World Makes and Uses Energy by Providing Research & Development, Funding and Resources That Create Pollution Free Power, Carbon Free Energy & Renewable Energy Technologies
We support the Renewable Energy Institute by donating a portion of our profits to the Renewable Energy Institute in their efforts to reduce fossil fuel use through renewable energy and their goals to end pollution from Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
The Renewable
Energy Institute is "Changing The Way The
World Makes and Uses Energy by Providing Research & Development, Funding and Resources
That Create Pollution Free Power, Carbon Free Energy & Renewable Energy
Technologies."
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